Which is the best band ever?????????

How would you feel if you were hated just because of your religion? In fact, Jewish people had to register themselves so that they could be identified easier. What if you were stuck in one spot when innocent people were being killed all around you? Imagine the aggravating feeling of losing your family one by one. How do you think it would feel after the many months of torture and discrimination when you are finally freed from your enemy? (Lipschits)

Hitler was one of the most evil persons to have ever lived, to be able to kill so many people without even caring. Hitler committed suicide on April 10, 1945 at the Fuhrer bunker. At 2:30 in the morning Hitler came out of his room to the dining room to say farewell to his staff members. His eyes were teary while he was shaking hands with all of his staff. That day at noon Hitler attended his last military situation conference and was told the Soviets were just a block away. After that conference Hitler sat down to eat his last meal of his life. What (All) he ate that day was a vegetarian lunch. While Hitler was eating lunch he told his chauffeur to deliver 200 liters of gasoline to the Chancellery garden. After Hitler finished his lunch he and his wife (Eva) said their goodbyes to all of their military staff members. (Goebbels)

Once Hitler and his wife said their goodbyes they went back to their rooms. A few minutes later their fellow comrades heard a gunshot coming from Hitler’s room. At 3:30 pm that day Hitler had shot himself and was found with his body sprawled on the sofa. He shot himself in the right temple. His wife Eva also died. She killed herself by swallowing poison. (Goebbels)

Their bodies were carried up to the Chancellery garden. In the garden there bodies were doused with gasoline and burned while the military staff stood by and gave the final Nazi salute. It took three hours of repeatedly dousing the bodies with gas to burn their bodies. The remains of the bodies were then put into a canvas and placed into a shell crater to be burned some more. Once Hitler was gone everyone began smoking. The reason that they then started to smoke is that Hitler hated it when people smoked in his presence. (Goebbels)

Being hated wasn’t enough; Jews also had to register on January 10, 1941. The people did not understand why they needed to register. Later on they found out that over 159,806 people registered just like them. Not all of the other people that registered were of the Jewish religion. In fact only 140,245 people were Jewish, the other 19,561 people were mishling; mishling is a mixed race and not all one religion. (Lipschits)

When the Jews registered they also had to complete a survey and submit it, only then would they receive proof of being registered. They had to pay one guilder to receive the proof of registration. If the people didn’t have proof of registration they could receive up to five years imprisonment. The Jews had laws by which they had to follow to register. They had to have at least three Jewish grandparents, also if you were married to or an offspring of a Jew you were considered Jewish and had to register. (Lipschits)

When the Jews were registering the Dutch authorities were instructed to enforce all laws completely. Also all Dutch people had to carry identity cards so that they could be identified as a Dutch person and not a Jewish person disguised as a Dutch person. The identity cards that they had to carry were called peosoonsbewijs. (Lipschits)

You stand in one spot looking around seeing innocent people being murdered all around you. You wouldn’t want to live because you are losing everyone, even your family. Today is July 29,1941, it is a day called Bloody Sunday. The Nazi’s killed over 2650 people in just the Death Train but that doesn’t include the others killed afterward. (Vashem)

Not only did they kill people walking in the streets but in their homes also. They didn’t just kill them they also arrested thousands and took them to the police office. A 14-year-old girl, Lazar Rozin describes, “They entered our house, screaming and pillaging all of our belongings. They ordered us out of the house, also my mother and my sisters. We walked to our police station and on the way we saw how people were beaten and bodies of dead Jews were strewn in the streets.” This quote describes what this young girl had to go thru just because she was Jewish. This quote describes what people had to go thru every day and every night. (Vashem)

About 4000 Jews were rounded up from everywhere in town. They were put in freight cars (the death trains) and transported. 2,650 of the people died from suffocation or thirst and the other people lost their sanity. Lazar Rozin says “ They piled us into the train… we did not know what was going to happen… we thought that they would not want to set the cars ablaze only because they did not want to destroy the locomotive itself. For five days we suffocated in that crowded train. Most people died in the car… we slept on the dead bodies.” This day was very unnecessary. The Germans were shooting without even looking. They didn’t even care who they were shooting. They only wanted to kill people. (Vashem)

Overall 6 million people were killed. Hitler was a horrible person and the world would not be the same without what happened. The world changed for neither the better nor the worse it just made it what it is today. The pain and the agony that the people had to go through, not many people in this day and age could go through


• Vashem, Yad; the Pogrom in Lasi in June 1941.
http://www1.yadvashem.org/education/lessonplan/english/iasi/iasi.htm#prog
2005

• Lipschits, Emeritus Isaac; Registration.
http://www.joodsmonument.nl/article-274292-en.html

• Goebbels, Joseph; History Place, The Death of Hitler.
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/death.htm
1997

The actions taken at the gassing at Auschwitz was horrific, people were being tortured and killed, children were being burned alive. The Jews were unable to fight against the Germans, they had no way of getting away. (Another event that took place during) the holocaust was Franklin D. Roosevelt Dying.It was a sad event because one of our Presidents died during World War II. He had a diseases called advanced Arteriosclerosis, in 1945 he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at Warming Springs, Georgia. He was buried at his Hudson Valley estate at Hyde Park in New York. [brttanica.com]

Anne Eleanor was Franklins wife she became active women\'s division of the State Democratic Committee. She continued a vigorous career until she became sick and weakly. When she died in 1962 she was buried along side her husband at Hyde Park.[geocities.com]

Franklin went to school at Harvard and he attended Columbia Law School, once he graduated he bacame a lawyer and a public official. [geocities.com]

The last event that this blog will report on is when the \"American Troops Liberated Dachau.\" The two divisions that liberated Dachau were the 42nd and 45th Infantry Division and the 20th armored division were providing support and they are included as liberators by the U.S Army.[scrapbookpages.com]

The 45th Division was ordered to liberate Dachau\'s concentration camp according to Lt. Col. Felix L. Sparks. Brig. Gen. Henning Linden of the 42nd division was the one who accepted the surrender of the concentration camp from Lt. Heinrich Wicker on April 29, 1945.[scrapbookpages.com]

Many soldiers who were at the camps, they said it was in the afternoon that Dachau main camp was liberated. The main gate faced a garden called Eicke Plaza. Lt. Heinrich Wicker was with a Red Cross representative holding a white flag in front of the main gate, they were ready to surrender the camp to the first American soldiers to show up. [scrapbookpages.com]

The worst of these events was the\"Gassing at Auschwitz.\" Jews were taken and captured and put into chambers and were killed by a poison gas called Zyklon-B, its a insecticide. People from different nationalities were killed in the gas chambers.[auschwitz.com]

Children at Auschwitz were often killed upon arrival and new borns were killed on the spot. To cut expenses the Germans placed kids directly into ovens or they would throw them into open burning pits. Doctors at the camp would torture and inflict incredible suffering on Jewish children and many others. [auschwitz.com]

One of the doctors at the camp, Josef Mengele did twin studies, and usually after the experiment they were murdered then he would dissect their bodies. Mengele drew sketches of the twins for comparison. Mengele was almost fanatical about drawing blood from the identical twins. [auschwitz.com]

The Gassing At Auschwitz was the saddest event because so many people, for the wrong reasons, were being killed and tortured by the Germans.

Bibliography for 2nd event (Franklin Delano Roosevelt Dies)
1. http://www.brittanica.com/eb/article-23953/Franklin-D-Roosevelt
2.http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/2328/fdr.html

Bibliography for 3rd event (American Troops Liberate Dachau)
1.
http://www.scrapbookpages.com/DachauScrapbook/DachauLiberation/LiberationDay3.html

Bibliography for 1st event (Gassing At Auschwitz)
1. http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.html

The city of Vitebsk is a city in Germany; during the holocaust this city experienced very bad times. On July 11, 1941, Vitebsk was occupied by the Germans and was particularly destroyed and burned down in the battle. Thousands of Jewish people lived there before World War II. 300 Jews accused of arson were singled out and killed. In Vitebsk in the early days of the occupation a governing body was appointed. And Jewish Council was charged with supplying Jews for forced labor.
Former capital of Bukovina, Cherenovisty Oblast was under Austrian rule up to 1918. Well from 1918 to 1940 it was part of Romania. The population in 1930 of the Jews was 46’000, 40% of the population. To me that’s very impressive. July 13,1941, Jews were arrested tens of thousands of them in fact. And were exiled to Siberia among them from community and Zionist leaders, people who had owned properties, and others seized at random.

1938, the start of the Holocaust and then ended 1945. The Holocaust was the start of the massacre of Jews. Three valuable dates are as followed ordered from least important to very important. One, Pinisk Ghetto established April 30, 1942. Two, July 20, 1942 the Jewish uprising of Nesvizh. And three, Mir Ghetto liquidated and armed Jews resist august 9, 1942. Although I wasn’t there I have read that this was a horrible event in are history.

April 30, 1942, “Clack, clack” Barbed wire fences were being put up to surround the worst part of town. The Pinisk was officially established to house captured Jews. More then 20,000 were relocated into the Ghetto. They were forced to live really bad houses and treated like dogs. The houses were old and every step the watered boards would creek and crunch. Shortly after, the elimination of the Jewish population of Pinisk was started. The Jewish prisoners were forced to march in columns like soldiers to the Karlin cemetery or the Dobraya Volia estate about 5 miles northeast of town. Once there, they were shot and buried in ready-made graves. (Pinisk Holocaust Kolodny Rabinovich) and (The life of Yehiel Goldberg)

In the Ghetto, people struggled greatly just to stay alive. If you were sick then you were taken and slaughtered and the hungry fought for food to stay alive. Conditions on the Ghetto were very scanty. Everyone had to sleep on the floor. The environment consisted of the young babies crying and starving people who lived in the worst of conditions. When people around died you were dig their graves the Germans would not help. One man described it as, “living like animals.” (Pinisk Holocaust Kolodny Rabinovich)

In all, the Ghetto was an awful place of starvation and the constant struggle just to stay alive. Every day you fought for food and shelter to stay alive. Nevertheless, the danger of death did not hold back the ghetto dwellers from trying to smuggle food in for the starving children. “I saw” relates a witness, “the Jew Glauberman murdered at the gate after they found a little butter he had hidden.” (Pinisk Holocaust Kolodny Rabinovich)


On August 9, 1942, The Mir Ghetto was to be liquidated. We all waited for the signal we sat the quietly. The signal was given instead of the Ghetto being liquidated. Instead the Jews armed themselves and started to resist. Earlier on, the younger Jews in the ghetto formed an underground organization. They made efforts to obtain weapons, however, they were proved difficult. They had various problems. 200 or more Jews escaped the Mir ghetto liquidation. (Resistance plans and escape from the Mir ghetto)

The younger Jews in the ghetto had formed the underground organization to plan a resistance. So they made preparations for resistance. The resistance plan was to fight back and flee to the forest to be free. They planned this for almost 6 months before the liquidation. This was to help the captured Jews in the ghetto. But in order to fulfill this resistance plan they needed weapons to make sure it was safe. But again they had run into problems. (Resistance plans and escape from the Mir ghetto)


They had problems like be betrayed by close friends. And there was even an incident that 3 Jews were killed. After the betrayal it made it harder to sneak out at night to make efforts to obtain the weapons. That was because now the Germans knew they were up to something. So they had to be more cautious. Later on the incident that the 3 Jews were killed was because they had tried to buy some weapons from a peasant. This was the result of the first try to get weapons. After the betrayal incident the Germans contacted peasants and people that sale weapons and told them to shoot anyone Jews that tried to buy weapons. And the result of that were the 3 Jews being murdered. But in the end the underground members were fortunate in being able to organize their escape to the forest without a battle. (Resistance plans and escape from the Mir ghetto)


There were a lot of uprisings in ghettos and camps between 1941 and 1942. The Nesvizh ghetto was one of the few to rise up and fight for there self’s in this ghetto had to plan and prepare for the day to come. There was over 4,500 thousand Jews that lived in the Nesvizh ghetto at this point in time. They had many struggles from building bunkers to protect them when the day came to getting weapons and ammo. (Marked for destruction)

The underground organization of Nesvizh came up with the plan after many hours of stress and hypothesizing. The plan was to set fire to the ghetto and fight their way to the forest. But they came to some problems when they were in the forest many of the Jews were killed in route or they were turned over by local collaborators. So everybody that made it was in a panic there were screams and cries everywhere so they ran until they thought it was safe. And some of the groups did not reach the forest where they set up Jewish partisan groups. (Nesvizh)

The underground organization of Nesvizh tried to get weapons but kept hitting dead end problems like being turned over to German soldiers or being caught and killed. So they finally just started making homemade weapons to fight with. They had to figure out ways to help with the uprising. So they made efforts by digging bunkers and organizing fighting teams. So when the fight broke out they fled to the forest bullets where flying through the air. The Jews plan was becoming more and more successful with every step towards the forest. Out of all the Jews in this ghetto 75% escaped. (Nesvizh

By the end of 1942, more than four million Jews had already been killed by mass shootings and gassings, or had died from starvation, exhaustion, and disease during their internment in Nazi ghettos and concentration and forced labor camps. The Jewish extermination was a very awful thing and it should of never had happened. But I ask you and myself what would are world be like if these events and the Holocaust had never happened? Would it be the same or would be different? We will never know.




Bibliography

Resource center
Nesvizh
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JEWISH UPRISINGS IN GHETTOS AND CAMPS, 1941-1944
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RESISTANCE PLANS AND ESCAPE FROM THE MIR GHETTO
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1.http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007238
Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.
Encyclopedia Last Updated: February 19, 2008

Brainy history
August 9, 1942 in History
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2.http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1942/august_9_1942_101445.html
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Mir history
History
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3.http://www.world66.com/europe/belarus/hrodna_grodno/mir/history
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copyright policy and our disclaimer.

Mir, Belarus
INTRODUCTION
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4.http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/mir/mir013.html
This web page created by Moshe M. Shavit
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Updated 27 Feb 2002 by LA

The Escape
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by Israel Shifron (Fiernikove)
Updated March 2005

Pinsk ghetto established
Pinsk Jews: History and Present Day
Life
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1.http://www.vitryssland.nu/pinskjew.html
* Aleksandr Grushevsky: “Pinsk Polesye: Historical essays”, 1903
* Golda Meyer: “My Life”, 1997
* E. S. Rosenblad, I. E. Elenskaya: “Pinsk Jews: 1939-1944”, 1997

Creation of Pinsk Ghetto
Never forget: Our relatives who died in the Holocaust
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\"Pinsk: The Story of the Jews of Pinsk, 1506-1942\" by Wolf Zeev

The Life of Yehiel Goldberg
Children of The Holocaust
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© Copyright 2004, The Simon Wiesenthal Center
1399 South Roxbury, Los Angeles, California 90035

Pinsk Jews: History and Present Day Life
On April 1942 the ghetto for Jews was organized in Pinsk.
retieved 2-10-08
Last checked or updated: April 10, 2006
4.http://www.vitryssland.nu/pinskjew.html
Design, Maintenance and Copyright © 1998-2006 Dr. Nikolai N. Kostyukovich

In the Ghetto
The Ghetto Area and its Boundaries
retieved 2-10-08
Updated 21 Dec 2002 by LA
5.http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Pinsk1/Pine12_110.html
Yizkor Book Project Manager, Joyce Field
This web page created by Osnat Ramaty
Copyright © 1999-2008 by JewishGen, Inc.

Picture this, your sitting at home minding your own business and all these German soldiers come to liquidate you; and you know that as soon as you get off that bus, you are going to be taken to your death. As soon as you read that you know that this is a crime against humanity. But you don’t know what this is about. This is the Holocaust. Every day this would happen. You never knew what was coming next. A lot of people went into hiding… but others had nowhere to go (Frank).
The Ravensbruck camp was a bad part in humanity. Early on in the camp, the death rate was comparatively low. Ravensbruck was designed to hold 15,000 prisoners, but by 1944 it held 42,000 from 23 different nations. About 15% of the population was Jewish along with Gypsies at about 5.5% of the population. In Ravensbruck the Jewish women were segregated and treated more harshly than the other women (History of the Holocaust).
In Ravensbruck, they made medical experiments that involved sterilization, the treatment of wounds with various substances to prevent infections, and methods for treating broken bones in the arms and legs. If the prisoners were thought of as too weak to perform any jobs given to them then they would be shot if selected. But beginning in 1942 they were transferred to “euthanasia” killing centers, while some prisoners were killed in the camp infirmary with lethal injections. The bodies of those killed in the camp were cremated in the Fuerstenberg crematorium until 1943, when a crematorium was built at a site near the camp prison. And in 1944/1945 a gas chamber was constructed and several thousand prisoners were gassed before the camp’s liberation (Historical Atlas of the Holocaust).
Ravensbruck was liberated April 29, 1945. Eight days earlier Ravensbruck was evacuated. When the Soviet Union showed up there were only 3,500 sick women left when records showed a total of 132,000 women and children had been imprisoned there. 863 children were born there between 1943 and 1945. Eventually death claimed 92,000 lives of Ravensbruck’s total population, with 32,000 of them being people who were put in a gas chamber in its last couple of months. In the end, Ravensbruck had the highest percentage of murdered prisoners than any other camp enforced by the Germans (History of the Holocaust). In humanity this is one of the worse parts of the war…until of course it was liberated.
The city of Ternopol is a city in Ukrainian SSR, founded by Poles in 1540. This city has been through its ups and downs through the years. The Germans conquered this city during World War II on July 2nd, 1939 with a pogrom 2 days after! About 5,000 Jews were murdered. In July and August of 1939 a decree was issued against the Jews. In this their movement was restricted inside and outside the city; many Jewish homes and valuables were taken; they were unable to change there places of residence; plus hundreds were taken out daily for forced labor (Holocaust Encyclopedia).
In September of 1939 they ordered an issue to set up a ghetto there. Until December, the concentration of the Jews in this ghetto and the fencing was continued. The Jewish Council allocated the houses in the ghetto, conducted a census, and supplied labor. In the fall and winter of 1941 and 1942 the Jewish Council was compelled to send groups of young people to the labor camps set up in the area, among them Kamionka, Hluboczek Wielki, and Borki Wielkie. But at the beginning of 1942 the Germans dismissed the chairman of the Judenrat, Gustav Fischer, claiming that he was not sufficiently compliant in executing their orders, and replaced him with Jokob Lipe(Holocaust Encyclopedia).
In March 1942 an Akition was carried out, ending with the killing of 700 Jews. In July the sporadic killings increased, and carried out. After a Selektion more than 3,000 people, most aged and sick, were deported to the BELZEC extermination camp and a few hundred men were sent to the labor camp in the area. But at the beginning of September, the Germans reduced the area of the ghetto, and the living conditions deteriorated. More and more Akitions were happening as time went on. On July 20 the final Akition happened. The sick and aged people were killed on the spot while the others were murdered in the fields in the vicinity of the city. And on July 22, the camp was officially closed. They killed everyone they could in the time that they had (Holocaust Encyclopedia).
The German Army had a series of won battles until the winter of 1942 and 1943. They had gone to Stalingrad to prepare the way for the conquest of the Caucaus and the Baku oil fields and a breakthrough in the Middle East. In order to do this, the capture of Staligrad was essential for the success. Under heavy German pressure the Red Army had to retreat, and on September 12, 1942 elements of the German Sixth Army and Fourth Panzer Army reached the suburbs of Stalingrad. These German forces consisted of 18 divisions and 600 tanks, supported by some 500 aircraft of the Forth Corps of the German air force. Now the battle had begun, September 15, 1942(Holocaust Encyclopedia).
Staingrad was the furthest the German Army had advanced into the Soviet Union. As a major industrial centre, it was an important prize in itself and the control of the city would have cut Soviet transport links with southern Russia via the Volga River (Britannica). The German Army was almost positive to win this battle. But the Red Army command decided to defend the city at any cost. The Soviets divisions suffered tremendous casualties but they succeeded in stopping the attackers (Holocaust Encyclopedia).
In the middle of November 1942 the Germans, at a heavy, price, had occupied most of the city and in 3 places the Volga but the Soviet defense had not been broken! Their success in blocking the Germans enabled the Soviets to assemble large forces for a counter offensive beginning on November 19th. By November 23rd they had encircled the 6th Army and part of the 4th within Stalingrad. On January 31st, 1943 Paulus disobeyed Hitler and surrendered, and February 31st the last 91,000 German troops turned themselves over to the Soviets. The Soviets recovered 250,000 German and Romanian corpses in and around Stalingrad, and total Axis losses are believed to have been 800,000 dead (Holocaust Encyclopedia and ushmm).
So in the end Ravensbruck was liberated and thousands died, Ternopol was liquidated and Akitions happened more times than I can count. But it ends with the Battle of Stalingrad where the Red Army won over Germany. Over these 3 events that took place thousands and thousands died. The Holocaust was one of the worst things in the entire world that has ever happened. And because of the Holocaust we are in a war right now. We gave the Jews Israel and now we are protecting them from everyone else wanting their land back. Because of Hitler- even though World War II ended- we may be in the 3rd World War.


BIBILOGRAPHY

· The Diary of Anne Frank
Otto H. Frank and Mirjam Pressler, Ed.s (1991)
New York, New York Copyright © 1991 by Doubleday
Ravensbruck- April 29th, 1945
· Historical Atlas of the Holocaust
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (1996).
New York, New York Copyright © 1996 by Yechiam Halevy, Pages 143, 153-154
· The Complete History of the Holocaust
Mitchell G. Bard, Ed. (2001)
San Diego, Ca. Copyright © 2001 by Greenhaven Press, Inc, Page 214
Ternopol Ghetto- June 20, 1943
· Holocaust Encyclopedia
Israel Gutman, Ed. in Chief (1995)
New York, New York Copyright © 1990 by Nacmillan Publishing Company Pages 1,458-1,459

Battle of Stalingrad- September 15, 1942
· Holocaust Encyclopedia
Israel Gutman, Ed. in Chief (1995)
New York, New York Copyright © 1990 by Nacmillan Publishing Company Pages 1,406- 1,407
· http://www.ushmm.org
1. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2. October 25, 2007
3. WORLD WAR II IN EASTERN EUROPE, 1942-1945
4. USHMM .org
5. Friday, February 1st
6.http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005186
· http://www.britannica.com
1. Encyclopædia Britannica
2.
3. Battle of Stalingrad - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
4. Britannica Online Encyclopedia
5. February 3, 2008
6. http://www.britannica.com/bps/topic/562720/Battle-of-Stalingrad#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked%3E%2Fbps%2Ftopic%2F562720%2FBattle-of-Stalingrad&title=BattleofStalingrad--BritannicaOnlineEncyclopedia

The holocaust wasn’t the prettiest thing that had happened in the world. The Unconditional German Surrender and signed by Gen. Jodl at Reims. It had happened on May 7th 1945. It involved the Germans, Alfred Jodl. It had happened were the papers had been signed.
On April 30th 1945 Russian troops fought to within yards of his subterranean banker, Adolph Hitler put a pistol to his head, pulled the trigger and closed the curtain on the third Reich. Before his death, Hitler anointed Admiral Karl Donitz as his successor with orders to continue the fight. Hitler was unaware that the German surrender had already begun.
On the day before his death all the German troops in Italy laid down their arms. On may 4th German forces in Holland, Denmark and northwest Germany surrender to British field Marshall Montgomery. On May 6th, Donitz authorized General Alfred Jodl to “conclude an armistice agreement” with General Eisenhower. The Germans wanted a separate peace with the allied troops in the west in order to continue their battle with the Russians in the west. Eisenhower would have none of it. He ordered the Germans to surrender unconditionally the next day. The Germans acquiesced, signing the surrender document on May 7, in the French city of Reims. The cessation of fighting took effect at 11:01 PM on May 8. The Russians insisted that a separate signing take place in Berlin on May 9. After six catastrophic years, the war in Europe was over.
The unconditional surrender of the German armed forces was signed by Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, on be half of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German Language: High Command of armed forces) and as the representative for the new Reich President, Grand Admiral Karl Donitz.
This Instrument of Surrender applied to all military forces on land, at sea, and in the air that was at the point of time under the control of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW). Although the military commanders of most German forces obeyed the order to surrender issued by the German Armed Forces High Commanders did so. The largest contingent not to do so were Army Group Centre under the command of Fields Marshal Ferdinand Schorner who had been promoted to Commander-in Chief of the army on April 30th in Hitler's last will and testament. Like many institutions in Nazi Germany the control of the Army was split between the OKW and the German Army High Command (OKW). By 1945, the OKW commanded all German forces in every theatre apart from those on the Eastern Front which were under OKW control and which, before his suicide, had reported directly to Hitler.

Holocaust Final



From 1938-1945 a tragic event occurred. Today we know it as the Holocaust. Jews all over Germany were killed just because of their religion. During this time, other events occurred like “Black Sunday”, the Chelmno death camp opened, and the surrender of Germany. How could someone hurt so many innocent people?

The Chelmno Death camp opened on December 7, 1941. It was the first Nazi extermination camp to open. The camp operated from December 7, 1941-April 1943. When it was closed down, the manor house was blown up. A special SS gassed people with exhaust fumes and then burnt them. It operated three gas vans using carbon monoxide. The camp was established to kill the Jews at Warthegau. Poles, Jews, and Roma were classified as subhuman creatures; discrimination against the Poles was followed by the persecution and eventual extermination of Roma and Jews.


Those who survived the initial excesses were deported to labor camps and ghettos, the largest of the latter being situated in Lodz. The Nazis chose an empty manor house in Chelmno (called the Castle) for extermination purposes. The camp was constructed in November 1941, after the expulsion of nearly all inhabitants from the area. The extermination of Romany and Jews was carried out by the so-called Sonderkommando Kulmhof, also known as Sonderkommando Lange. This special unit was named after its first commander SS-Hauptsturmführer Herbert Lange. It was later called Sonderkommando Bothmann, after SS-Hauptsturmführer Hans Bothmann, Lange's successor. Herbert Lange already had gained some experience in killing mentally ill persons in Poland between late 1939 and June 1940 utilizing gas vans. In Chelmno the Jews were destined to perish in such gas vans.



The technology was quite simple. The 'Sonderkommando' had three vans at its disposal. The only technical innovation was the specially constructed sealed compartments mounted on a Renault chassis. These compartments were lined with tin and had airtight, double doors. The floor of the compartment had a wooden lattice to facilitate the cleaning out of detritus. Beneath it was an aperture with a nozzle to which the pipe from the exhaust was connected. By the time Lange's unit came to use these vans, they had been tried and tested in the 'euthanasia program'. By these means, about 145,000 people were murdered at Chelmno in the first phase of its operations. Gassings started on December 7th, 1941. The first deportees were Jews from surrounding communities and about 5,000 Gypsies who had been incarcerated in the Lodz ghetto. From January 16th to January 29th, 1942, 10,000 Jews were deported from Lodz to Chelmno and murdered. They were followed by 34,000 between March 22nd and April 2nd, 1942, 11,700 between May 4th and 15th, 1942, 16,000 between September 5th and 12th, 1942. In addition, 15,200 Jewish slave laborers from the Lodz region were gassed at Chelmno.
When Germany surrendered, they made a document called the instrument of surrender. This instrument of surrender was signed on May 7, 1945, at Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's headquarters in Rheims by Gen. Alfred Jodl, Chief of Staff of the German Army. At the same time, he signed three other surrender documents, one each for Great Britain, Russia, and France.

The unconditional surrender of the German Third Reich was signed in the early morning hours of Monday, May 7, 1945 at Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) at Reims in northeastern France. Present were representatives of the four Allied Powers—France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States—and the three Germany officers delegated by German President Karl Doenitz—Gen. Alfred Jodl, who had alone been authorized to sign the surrender document; Maj. Wilhelm Oxenius, an aide to Jodl; and Adm. Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, one of the German chief negotiators. Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, SHAEF chief of staff, led the Allied delegation as the representative of General Eisenhower, who had refused to meet with the Germans until the surrender had been accomplished. Other American officers present were Maj. Gen. Harold R. Bull and Gen. Carl Spaatz.


After the signing of the Reims accord, Soviet chief of staff Gen. Alexei Antonov expressed concern to SHAEF that the continued fighting in the east between Germany and the Soviet Union made the Reims surrender look like a separate peace. The Soviet command wanted the Act of Military Surrender, with certain additions and alternations, to be signed at Berlin. To the Soviets, the documents signed at Berlin on May 8, 1945, represented the official, legal surrender of the Third Reich. The Berlin document had few significant changes from the one signed a day earlier at Reims.


Things changed when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. After accusing Jews of signaling Soviet planes, Romanian and German government agencies instigated pogroms that began on June 28. During the pogrom, the Romanian authorities, together with the German soldiers, not only murdered thousands of Jews in Iasi, but also sought to destroy an entire community that had existed for over 300 years.


Thousands more were arrested. On June 29, called “Black Sunday” by the Jews, thousands of Jews were gathered into a courtyard of police headquarters. Most were shot by Romanian troops; 4,330 of the survivors were herded into sealed cattle cars. Of those, 2,650 died of thirst or suffocation. Altogether, over 10,000 Jews were murdered that day, in Iasi. In the 1930’s, Jews made up over 30% of the city’s population. On August 30, 1941 the 980 Jews that survived the torture were brought back to Iasi.


In my opinion, “Black Sunday” was the most horrific of the three events. All the innocent Jews taken out from their homes, herded into a courtyard, and shot. Why were the Jews killed? What made them any different from everyone else? What made people think that Jews were any less of a person than you or me? Today, we still fight the religion battle. People all over the world still think everyone should be a certain way. But just because you don’t have the same beliefs, doesn’t mean we should hate each other.
We don’t need to relive the holocaust, so I think we should all put our differences aside and do our best to get through.













Bibliography:

(Sources:
Gutman, Israel, ed. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1990
Kogon, Eugen; Langbein, Hermann; Rückerl, Adalbert; eds. Nazi Mass Murder, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1993
DDR-Justiz, NS-Verbrechen Vol. IV, XIX, XXI, XXII
Bednarz, Wladyslaw. Oboz stracen w Chelmnie nad Nerem , Warszawa, 1946
Gulczynski, Janusz. Oboz smierci w Chelmnie NAD Nerem, Konin, 1991
Dreßen, Willi; Klee, Ernst; Riess, Volker; Eds. The Good Old Days, The Free Press, NY, 1988)


Page title- “Chelmno (Kulmhof - Poland)”
Forgotten Camps.

Page Title- “Shoah Resource Center”
Iasi

There are three main events that I will focus on in this writing. They will include the devastation at the Krakow concentration camp and a survivor story, the Auschwitz II built by Himmler, and the German army invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece on April 6, 1941. It is my intent to demonstrate to you that the events that took place at Auschwitz were more devastating to humanity than any of my other events.


Before the war, Krakow was upholding over 60,000-80,000 Jews in Krakow concentration camp. Jews were obliged to part in forced labor in September 1939. Throughout Krakow synagoes were ordered to release all their valuables over to the Nazi authorities. The difficult thing about having to be forced into doing something this, is that all your hard work and devotion means nothing once it is taken. They felt violated, hurt and stolen from and it changed their lives forever. (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) (Plaszow – (Unpublished Document) Robin O’Neil
www. Cekie.Krakow.pl/oboz_plaszow)
(The Righteous – Sir Martin Gilbert
Auschwitz Chronicle – Danuta Czech
The Holocaust Journey – Sir Martin Gilbert
www. Gedenkendienst.org PK – Krakow) (Mostly found in the Polish National Archives in Krakow, ul. Sienna 16. Some of these are available from the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons). Birth records 1798-1808, 1811, 1812-1831, 1845, etc., Polish census records 1790-1792, birth and death records 1845,1850, 1877, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920; conscription list 1847; marriage records 1798-1847, business lists 1900-1939, lists of professionals 1930-1935, telephone directories 1937, etc. We are grateful to Mr. Geoffrey Weisgard, of Cheshire, England, for providing copies of selected pages from the Austrian census, 1796-1797.)

Sitting back watching your loved ones die and your children crying and not be able to do anything about it is devastating. Walls from the surrounding cities isolated the Jews in Krakow. All windows and doors that gave onto the \'Aryan\' side were ordered bricked up, although four guarded entrances allowed traffic to pass through. One of the positive outcomes of this devastation is that there were some who were blessed enough to survive. Tadeusz Pankiewicz was a Polish pharmacist who owned the Eagle Pharmacy in Krakow. Thankfully he was \"permitted by the German authorities to continue the business. (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) (Plaszow – (Unpublished Document) Robin O’Neil
www. Cekie.Krakow.pl/oboz_plaszow)
(The Righteous – Sir Martin Gilbert
Auschwitz Chronicle – Danuta Czech
The Holocaust Journey – Sir Martin Gilbert
www. Gedenkendienst.org PK – Krakow) (Mostly found in the Polish National Archives in Krakow, ul. Sienna 16. Some of these are available from the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons). Birth records 1798-1808, 1811, 1812-1831, 1845, etc., Polish census records 1790-1792, birth and death records 1845,1850, 1877, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920; conscription list 1847; marriage records 1798-1847, business lists 1900-1939, lists of professionals 1930-1935, telephone directories 1937, etc. We are grateful to Mr. Geoffrey Weisgard, of Cheshire, England, for providing copies of selected pages from the Austrian census, 1796-1797.)

In recognition of his heroic deeds in rescuing Jews from the Krakow Ghetto he was awarded recognition as a Righteous Among the Nations. He published a book about his time in the ghetto, \"The Cracow Ghetto Pharmacy\". The Jews were definitely persecuted like no other group of people on earth. It was by far the second most tragic event done to humanity in all of history during the time. (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) (Plaszow – (Unpublished Document) Robin O’Neil

www. Cekie.Krakow.pl/oboz_plaszow)
(The Righteous – Sir Martin Gilbert
Auschwitz Chronicle – Danuta Czech
The Holocaust Journey – Sir Martin Gilbert
www. Gedenkendienst.org PK – Krakow) (Mostly found in the Polish National Archives in Krakow, ul. Sienna 16. Some of these are available from the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons). Birth records 1798-1808, 1811, 1812-1831, 1845, etc., Polish census records 1790-1792, birth and death records 1845,1850, 1877, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920; conscription list 1847; marriage records 1798-1847, business lists 1900-1939, lists of professionals 1930-1935, telephone directories 1937, etc. We are grateful to Mr. Geoffrey Weisgard, of Cheshire, England, for providing copies of selected pages from the Austrian census, 1796-1797.)

The Auschwitz complex was divided in three major camps. Auschwitz I main camp or Stammlager. Auschwitz II or Birkenau established on October 8, 1941 as a Vernichtungslager (extermination camp). Auschwitz III or Monowitz was established on May 31,1942 as and Arbeitslager’ or work camp. There were up to seven gas chambers using Zyklon B poison gas and three crematoria. (\"The Death Factory\") (THE CAMP OF DEATH) (“Evil Too Great to Grasp – or Remember”)
Auschwitz II included a camp for new arrivals and those to be sent on to labor elsewhere. Being placed in a gas chambers and put the death was an unexpected way to die. The Jews were completely taken by surprised and deceived into believing the chamber was actually used for taking showers. They obviously had no idea they were about to die and definitely not this type of slow death. At the Krakow concentration camp the Jews knew moments before their deaths. (\"The Death Factory\") (THE CAMP OF DEATH) (“Evil Too Great to Grasp – or Remember”)
The estimated number of deaths 2.1 to 2.5 million killed in gas chambers of whom about 2 million were Jews and Polish, Gypsies and Soviet POW\'s. There was up to or about 330,00 deaths from other causes. In April of 1940, Rudolph Hoss, who became the first commander, identified the Silesian town of Oswiecum as a possible site for a concentration camp. Many people around the world are interested in capturing this history and regularly visit the Auschwitz Museum every year. It was very disturbing to research a story about a man, in his late 60\'s, who was visiting the museum last year in 2007 and noticed his father in one of the photographs. (\"The Death Factory\") (THE CAMP OF DEATH) (“Evil Too Great to Grasp – or Remember”)
“We stood in front of one of the pictures showing an SS physician on the ramp selecting new arrivals for death in the gas chambers,” recalls Lech. “The German visitor pointed to a young man wearing an SS uniform, standing to the left of the physician, and said, ‘That young man in the SS uniform is my father.’ He laid the album on the window sill and showed me four photos from the album.” When he was a child he didn\'t know much about what happened to his because he was so young. “The son knew almost nothing about his father’s wartime fate,” says Lech. “He was born in 1942, and said only that his father was held by the British until 1947, and became a pastor a year later. He died in 1988. His widow told her son that his father had served an internship as an orderly in a mental institution in Berlin in 1937, and might have been at one of the Nazi euthanasia centers in 1941.” This was likely a very heartbreaking moment for this grown man to come to knowledge that his father played a role in the deaths of so many Jews. It was by far the most tragic event done to humanity in all of history. (\"The Death Factory\") (THE CAMP OF DEATH) (“Evil Too Great to Grasp – or Remember”)

At the time of the Axis occupation in 1941, about 100,000 Jews lived in Greece. Their fate was greatly influenced by the differing priorities of Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria with regard to the Jews. The Battle of Greece generally regarded as a continuation of the Greco Italian, which began when Italian troops invaded Greece on October 28, 1940. Within weeks the Italians were driven from Greece and Greek forces pushed on to occupy much of Southern Albania. In March of 1941 a major Italian counter attack failed and Germany was forced to come to the aid of its ally. (Chronology Holocaust) (AGGRESSION AGAINST GREECE AND YUGOSLAVIA) (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,) (Lisa Hoffman writes for Scripps Howard News Service)




The combined Greek and British forces fought back with great tenacity but were vastly out numbered and outgunned. The forces came with great aggression and tremendous strength. They finally had no other option but to give up and accept their defeat. The British Commonwealth managed to evacuate about 50,000 troops. The Greek campaign ended in a quick and complete German victory with the fall of their country. (Chronology Holocaust) (AGGRESSION AGAINST GREECE AND YUGOSLAVIA) (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,) (Lisa Hoffman writes for Scripps Howard News Service)




At the outbreak of World War II Loannis Metavas, the prime minister of Greece sought to maintain a position of neutrality. However, Greece was increasingly subject to pressures from Italy, which culminated in the Italian submarine. After hasty and heavily improvised planning, the first German forces announced that they would be ready to attack Yugoslavia and Greece on Palm Sunday, April 6, 1941.In the first 72 hours of the war Yugoslavia desperately looked to its allies - the Soviet Union and Turkey - for assistance, while at the same time avoiding tactical arrangements with the Greeks that might restrict the freedom of maneuver of its army. Neither Turkey nor the Soviets wished to get involved in a conflict against Europe\'s premier military machine, however, and so avoided criticizing the German invasion. (Chronology Holocaust) (AGGRESSION AGAINST GREECE AND YUGOSLAVIA) (Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,) (Lisa Hoffman writes for Scripps Howard News Service)

The events that took place at Auschwitz were extremely devastating because of the many lives that were taken. The Krakow concentration camp had a lot of deaths also, but did not even compare to the number of lives lost at Auschwitz. It is therefore, the second most devastating in my view. Now the battle in Greece surprisingly had the least deaths out of all my events. So therefore that the battle at Greece is the least devastating to all humanity.

(BIBLIOGRAPGY)
#1 Durrell Sellers (Oskar Schindler)
1) Schindler, Oskar 2) Jan 10th, 2008
3) Krakow ghetto was an influential cultural center for the 60,000-80,000 Jews that resided there.
4) The original title is Krakow but they talk about notable person, and history.
5) Jan 2008 (date unknowned)
6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Ghetto
7) The Jewish Ghetto in Krakow (Cracow) was one of the five main ghettos created by the Nazis in the general government during their occupation of Poland during WWII.

#2 Durrell Sellers (Rudolph Hoss)
1) Hoss, Rudolph
2) Dec 13,2007
3) Auschwitz- Birkenau Extermination Camp Poland
4) The title Auschwitz- Birkenau known as Death Factory location Oswiecium, Poland established May 26th, 1940.
5) Jan 2008 (date unknown)
6) http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/Camps/AuschwitzEng.html
7) Estimated number of victims: 2,1 to 2,5 million (This estimated number of death is considered by historians as a strict minimum. The real number of death is unknown but probably much higher, maybe 4 millions)

#3 Durrell Sellers (Yad Vashem)
1) Vashem, Yad
2) Dec 13, 2007
3) Chronology of the Holocaust 1939-1941
4) The Germans occupied Vilna on June 24. Within a few days, the Germans and the Lithuanians issued orders forcing Jews to wear the Jewish Badge, forbidding them to walk on sidewalks and enter certain locations, stipulating a nighttime curfew, and limiting their food purchases. On July 4, the Jews were ordered to establish a Judenrat. Concurrently, the Germans, assisted by Lithuanian volunteers, began to abduct Jews—some 5,000 in July—from the streets and their homes, to take them to Ponary, and to murder them. The Jews of Vilna and their relatives knew nothing whatsoever about the fate of their loved ones.

5) Jan 2008 (date unknowned)
6) http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_holocaust/chronology/1939-1941/1941/chronology_1941_15.html

7) He stressed that Hitler considered even life imprisonment for anti-German activity an indication of German weakness. The Ministry of Justice expressed no objection to being charged with implementing the punishments stipulated in the order or to the guidelines it was given by the Wehrmacht General Staff. The right to clemency was not applied to Jews and Communists. The surviving “Night and Fog” prisoners were liberated in April and May 1945.

Africa needs more support in other to acheave the MDG's to me a lot need to be done on the part of children development.This years STAND UP EVENT was a joyest one i have ever taking part, in the North/Tamale at Dakpemah primary school children age at 10-14years come out in their numbers to stand up against the poverty in the Northern Region of Ghana/Tamale and it was imprissing if much care is given the children would do more on the part of the acheavement of the MDG's.
Tamale been one of the poorist cities in Ghana and for that matter my group is taking the MDG's campang serious and needs more support to run activities so if any body is intrested in taking part can contact me @ kaabarah@gmail.com/+233-20-8283186.We are planning more projects towards 2008 and we need schools in the developed countries to partner with my here.

While blondes may have more fun, a new study suggests that fair-haired ladies may be making those around them dumber.
FOXNews.com

ummmmm.... what?
so im making the people around me dumb?
does that even make sence?
anyone got comments?

Check out this MEANY PANTZ thing that i found about blonde people

First off thanx to all y'al who are taking the time to read this :)
please could you post a comment if you have anything to say.....

Whats so atractive about blondes?
is it the attitude they carry with their hair colour?

also an easier question....
who is your favourite blonde celebratity?

love and light
blondie :D

Compassion is the greatest form of love humans have to offer. According to Websters Dictionary compassion is forgiving, loving, helping, leading, and showing mercey for others.I have this theory, that if one person will go out of their way to show compassion, then it will start a chain reaction of the same. People will never know how far a little kindness can go.

I am sure that my codes of life may be very different from yours, but how do you know that trust, Compassion, and beauty will not make this world a better place to be in and this life a better one to live? My codes may seem like a fantasy that can never be reached, but test them for yourself, and see the kind of effect they have in the lives of people around you. You may just start, a chain reaction.
*~Rachel Joy Scott~*